the switch to 18-inch tires, bodywork around the wheels, and the removal of bargeboard devices. Despite the changes, the cars were generally only a second slower overall than in 2021. However, porpoising and bouncing emerged as problems caused by the ground effect aerodynamics, resulting in discomfort and a lack of visibility for drivers. To mitigate this, the FIA introduced an Aerodynamic Oscillation Metric (AOM) for 2022 and 2023. Teams must adhere to a set upper limit of 10 J/kg/100km, and the FIA can disqualify drivers whose cars surpass this metric. In 2023, floor changes will be implemented to keep any wild oscillations in check. Here is a 3D model of F1 2023 concept car attached (3dm & STL) for CFD analysis and 3D renderings (GLB). Original 3D model by XQCAD https://sketchfab.com/XQCAD.